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snow petrel
The snow petrel (''Pagodroma nivea'') is the only member of the genus ''Pagodroma.'' It is one of only three birds that breed exclusively in Antarctica and has been seen at the South Pole. It has the most southerly breeding distribution of any bird.
==Taxonomy==
The snow petrel is the only member of the genus ''Pagodroma'', and a member of the sub-family fulmarine petrels. They in turn are all members of the Procellariidae family, and the Procellariiformes order.〔Tree of Life (27 Jun 2008)〕 They all share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. They produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This can be sprayed out of their mouths as a defense against predators and as an energy rich food source for the chicks and for the adults during their long flights.〔Double, M. C. (2003)〕 Finally, they also have a salt gland that is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.〔Ehrlich, Paul R. (1988)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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